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Geckuh bone gag12/8/2023 The fourth class of GAG, hyaluronic acid, is synthesized by integral membrane synthases, which immediately secrete the dynamically elongated disaccharide chain. Keratan sulfate may modify core proteins through N-linked glycosylation or O-linked glycosylation of the proteoglycan. Heparin/ heparan sulfate (HSGAGs) and chondroitin sulfate/ dermatan sulfate (CSGAGs) are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus, where protein cores made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are post-translationally modified via O-linked glycosylation by glycosyltransferases ,forming proteoglycans. GAGs are classified into four groups, based on their core disaccharide structures. This is because GAG synthesis is not template driven, as are proteins or nucleic acids, but constantly altered by processing enzymes. Glycosaminoglycans vary greatly in molecular mass, disaccharide structure, and sulfation. Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of metabolic disorders in which abnormal accumulations of glycosaminoglycans occur due to enzyme deficiencies. īecause GAGs are highly polar molecules and attract water the body uses them as lubricants or shock absorbers. GAGs are found in vertebrates, invertebrates and bacteria. The repeating two-sugar unit consists of a uronic sugar and an amino sugar, except in the case of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan keratan, where, in place of the uronic sugar there is a galactose unit. Glycosaminoglycans ( GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long, linear polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units (i.e. For polysaccharide nomenclature see here. The repeating disaccharide unit (GlcUA(1β→3)GalNAc(1β→4)) n of chondroitin sulfate. ( July 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. If you simply can't wait, the search bar and the "ball gag" tag are your friends!įinally, please note that three of the films featured here- Love Object (2003), The Disappearance of Alice Creed (2009), and its remake Reckless (2014)-include so many scenes of interest that we needed two clips to do them justice, though for the sake of variety, only the first clip is on the playlist.This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. While the infamous "gimp" won't appeal to most of our visitors, there's no denying his influence: a bondage accessory which previously had been considered too kinky for mainstream entertainment quite suddenly began to find new popularity with directors who wanted to bring a certain edginess to their work.Īnd today, here we are, with no less than Ariana Grande ball-gagging herself in a comedic cameo from Zoolander 2 (2016), and so many good scenes to choose from that only one of the four we've mentioned so far even made the cut for today's playlist (though all four can be found on the site).įor this first installment, we're focusing exclusively on feature films: TV episodes will be coming around in part two. That movie, of course, was Pulp Fiction (1994). But you could count the relevant scenes on one hand until a certain smash hit came along and changed the whole "ball" game. The first widely noted damsel to turn up with a ball gag in a mainstream Western film was Teri Weigel in Night Visitor (1989), though Thunderbolt and Lightfoot (1974) may be allowed on a technicality, and Japan's Shiryô no wana/Evil Dead Trap (1988) was likewise ahead of its time. Not too long ago, that would never have been the case. We know: we've been teasing this one for a while now! Unlike with the more common gag types, where we had so many options that we basically threw up our hands and "subcontracted" to a third-party curator, this time we decided to take complete ownership-but there were still so many fine candidates that it took us a while to get all our clips in a row.
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